however, these therapeutic options are often inefficient, have significant side effects and its prescription depends on the presence of comorbidities (Obrosova et al., 2008
How neutrophils kill microbes
1 Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases globally, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide and ranking as the leading cause of disability among adults aged 50 years and older ( Ferroptosis, first reported in 2012, is a novel form of cell death distinct from classical apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis ( Due to the possible critical role of ferroptosis in OA, there has been a surge of interest in elucidating its molecular mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic strategies
5 Conclusions The rich content of phycocyanin, carotenoids, and polyphenols in Spirulina effectively neutralizes ROS, upregulates endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and downregulates pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and TNF-
Research has explored DSIPs potential interaction with neurotransmitter systems and hormone-regulating pathways associated with sleep quality, stress adaptation, and overall physiological balance
