This comparison is arguably the most important in metabolic medicine heading into 2026, as it pits the two pharmaceutical giants against each other in the competition for the best-in-class obesity treatment
Peptide-nanoparticle conjugates as a theranostic platform
A 2021 systematic review of 16 randomized controlled trials and 6,276 participants (Markun and colleagues, Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue, Nutrients, 2021) found that B12 supplementation does not reliably reduce fatigue in people who are not deficient
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol
They activate some overlapping populations of neurons, but separate neurons, which, I think, is the basis for their additive effect