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doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872000000700006

L-cysteine supplementation can also improve immune function in postmenopausal women, as indicated by a 2008 study published in Free Radical Biology and Medicine

& Clemons, P

Lacking FDA approval and recent extensive peer-reviewed data, its use for anti-aging, bodybuilding, or other non-FDA approved purposes is not evidence-based and carries substantial risks, including reported hypersensitivity reactions and unknown long-term endocrine disruption [fda.gov], [mayoclinic.org]

In the context of regulation, such models could be aligned with New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) and emerging qualification frameworks for nanomaterial risk assessment, providing transparent, reproducible decision rules for when nanoencapsulated nutraceuticals are sufficiently characterized for market entry (254)