Previous studies have demonstrated the oxidation of gluthathione (GSH) into glutathione disulfide (GSSG) 12 , the oxidation of NADH into NAD + 13 , or the reduction of azides into amines 14
This upregulates genes involved in fatty-acid uptake/oxidation, OXPHOS, the TCA cycle, and mitochondrial biogenesis, shifting substrate use toward lipids and increasing energy expenditure
However, despite the mounting evidence linking inflammation to T2DM and depression [208, 209], few studies have examined depressive symptoms in diabetes patients using anti-inflammatory agents
Concerning the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, the anti-inflammatory effects of SFCA produced by gut microbiota may affect multiple organs, including the lungs (238) and the brain (239241)
This is not a replacement for medical treatment but may complement general wellness routines