The National Institutes of Health (awards R56HG011035, R01DA044283, R01DA042755, U01DA041120, R01GM126479, R03OD032630, R01HG011035, R56HG012358 and T32DA050560) and Penn State College of Medicines Biomedical Informatics and Artificial Intelligence Program supported this research
The prefrontal cortex is crucial for regulating impulses, making thoughtful decisions, and exercising self-control
In Uzbekistan, a nationwide ban implemented in November 2025 makes it illegal to produce, sell, import, possess, or use e-cigarettes and vape liquids, with penalties including fines, confiscation, and possible imprisonment
Mental Health Impact : Smoking has been linked to mental health issues, including increased anxiety and depression risk
A crowded mental tunnel is the norm for people living in or near poverty