is glutathione the master endogenous antioxidant Frontiers Antioxidant Enzyme Systems

(Removed: "Therapeutic Role in Brain Disorders") Drge W, Breitkreutz R

It is classified as an autologous, regenerative therapy , meaning the material used for injection comes directly from the individual receiving the treatment

Modulation of notch processing by gamma-secretase inhibitors causes intestinal goblet cell metaplasia and induction of genes known to specify gut secretory lineage differentiation

As a cofactor for the mitochondrial enzymes including pyruvate dehydrogenase and alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase, lipoic acid can exert antioxidant effects by directly eliminating ROS, chelating with metal ions, and enhancing endogenous antioxidant capacity [186, 187]

Less commonly, fewer than 1 percent of patients may experience dizziness, flushing, headaches, or hyperactivity