Cell culture applications utilize concentrations of 10-50 M for effective senescent cell elimination, with administration durations typically 24-72 hours depending on experimental objectives and cellular models
PMID: 11743644 Galzigna L1, Rizzoli V, Schiappelli P et.al
Change history 17 July 2025 A Correction to this paper has been published: Abbreviations UV: Ultraviolet NPs: Nanoparticles P13K/AKT: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CDKN2A: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A MC1R: Melanocortin-1 receptors PDT: Photodynamic therapy ICP: Inductively coupled plasma OES: Optical emission spectroscopy MS: Mass spectrometry PRISMA: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses MeSH: Medical subject headings PLGA: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) siRNA: Small interfering RNA DCs: Dendritic cells LNCs: Lipid nanocapsules LCP: Lipid-coated calcium phosphate NLCs: Nanostructured lipid carriers MMPs: Metalloproteinases PTX-loaded CA-PLGA-TPGS NPs: Paclitaxel-loaded cholic acid-functionalized star-shaped PLGA-d--tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) NPs Jug: Juglone PDA: Polydopamine MPDA: Mesopores inside polydopamine Angiopoietin-2-CMNPs: Angiopoietin-2-chitosan magnetic NPs TLR: Toll-like receptor MPEG-b-PCL: Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(-caprolactone) MNTs: Molecular nanotransporters MSH: -Melanocyte-stimulating hormone PF-PTX: Polymeric micelles loaded with PTX LMWH: Low-molecular-weight heparin TOS: Tocopheryl succinate Ag: Silver TME: Tumor microenvironment HMnO 2 : Hollowmanganese dioxide GSH: Glutathione ROS: Reactive oxygen species SLNs: Solid lipid nanoparticles DTX: Docetaxel SLPs: Solid lipid particles Dox: Doxorubicin PI3K/Akt: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase NLC: Targeted nanostructured lipid carrier nNLC: Nontargeted nanostructured lipid carrier H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin VEGFR-2: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 CMNPs: Chitosan magnetic NPs APAP: Acetaminophen O 2 : Oxygen mDexos: Mature DC exosomes CNTs: Carbon nanotubes SWCNTs: Single-walled CNTs MWCNTs: Multiwalled CNTs PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1 PD-1: Programmed death-1 HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducing factor 1 alpha CAIX: Carbonic anhydrase IX EGF: Epidermal growth factor HMP: Hemoglobin-like protein DTox: Diphtheria toxin NLS: Nuclear localization sequence Fru: Fructose CLS: Confocal laser scanning TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling MNPs: Metal NPs PD-L1: Programmed death ligand 1 PD-1: Programmed death 1 References Zhang W, Zeng W, Jiang A, et al
Bohnen NI, Kotagal V, Mller MLTM, Koeppe RA, Scott PJH, Albin RL, et al
The actin binding site on thymosin 4 promotes angiogenesis
