However, combining biomarkers across biological compartments seems unsustainable in clinical practice, and identifying the most relevant biological compartment remains an important challenge
Peptide Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Peptides are used for various purposes including skin care, muscle growth, weight loss, hair growth, bone health, and enhancing testosterone levels
BOTTOM LINE: Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in brain function and red blood cell production
B12 bound to HC is not taken up by cells and thus, is biologically inactive ( via endocytosis using a specific CD320 receptor ( via CblF ( This free cytoplasmic B12 undergoes a series of intracellular transport and modifications to enable two core enzymatic reactions: 1) adenosyl-B12 acts as a co-factor for the enzyme methylmalonyl-coA mutase that catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-coA to succinyl-coA, thereby enabling restoration of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and 2) methyl-B12 enables methionine synthase in the re-methylation of homocysteine to methionine using methyl-tetrahydrofolate (MTHF) as a methyl donor, thereby enabling the vital biochemical pathways of the folate cycle and methionine cycle, facilitating the downstream synthesis of important compounds like DNA and RNA (Figure 2)
Katzenschlager, R
