Lechasseur A, Mouchiroud M, Tremblay F, Bouffard G, Milad N, Pineault M, et al
High glucose induces vascular endothelial growth factor production in human synovial fibroblasts through reactive oxygen species generation
Shortening of the pharynx removes the recesses formed by the valleculae and piriform sinuses, and peristalsis of the pharyngeal muscles pushes the bolus posteriorly to the UES, which mainly consists of the cricopharyngeus muscle
Some research suggests that the protein transporter that tumor cells use to import glutamine is different from the one that normal cells use, and that this transporter is more abundant on tumor cells
However, the relevance of these findings to humans remains uncertain, as human thyroid C-cells have much lower expression of GLP-1 receptors compared to rodents