Open questions in the GHK-Cu field include the specific cellular targets responsible for the broad transcriptomic effects, the relationship between the copper-delivery role and the direct peptide-only effects (if any), the comparative biology of GHK-Cu and related copper-peptides in defined cellular contexts, and the translation of cell-culture and animal-model findings to clinical-research endpoints under controlled study conditions
doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03112 Robinson, Samuel D., Kambanis, Lucas, Clayton, Daniel, Hinneburg, Hannes, Corcilius, Leo, Mueller, Alexander, Walker, Andrew A., Keramidas, Angelo, Kulkarni, Sameer S., Jones, Alun, Vetter, Irina, Thaysen-Andersen, Morten, Payne, Richard J., King, Glenn F
Why B12
With sublingual or intranasal B12, the vitamin seeps through the linings of your mouth, nose, or G.I
10.1126/science.286.5438.304