329,330 In degenerative joint diseases like OA, the metabolic balance of chondrocytes is disrupted, leading to the overproduction of degrading enzymes and inflammatory mediators, including iNOS, MMP-13, and ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5), which participate in cartilage degradation and inflammatory processes
Immunosenescence is associated with dysregulated signaling pathways (e.g., overactivation of the NF-B signaling pathway and downregulation of the melatonin signaling pathway) and abnormal immune cell responses with functional alterations and phenotypic shifts
Pedre B, Barayeu U, Ezeria D, Dick TP (2021) The mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC): the emerging role of H2S and sulfane sulfur species
Libraries with different mutation levels were combined in equal volume after testing the enzyme activity to form the yeast-display library
Disorganized collagen provides less structural support and more uneven skin texture