Taking a proton pump inhibitor or other medications that reduce stomach acid for reflux or ulcers, as well as taking metformin for diabetes, can reduce absorption of B12 in food or supplements
From a regulatory perspective, theyre not FDA-approved
BPC-157, a stable gastric pentadecapeptide, works primarily through angiogenic (blood vessel formation) and nitric oxide pathways, showing particular efficacy in gastrointestinal, tendon, and ligament healing in animal models
Common mild side effects: injection site soreness (1224 hours, resolves without treatment), brief warmth or flushing immediately after injection, occasional acne with regular use
Drugs that contain ester linkages include acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), physostigmine, methyldopa, tetracy-cline, and procaine