The majority of the published data is still preclinical, and there are still plenty of issues concerning the safety, pharmacology and effectiveness of the use of BPC-157 to be answered
The athletic horse needs more phosphorus to replace phosphorus used up at all levels of exercise (slow and fast work, walking, swimming, etc.), to replace phosphorus consumed at racing and for bone, cartilage and joints
The color comes from the vitamin B12 molecule itself, specifically the cobalt-containing corrin ring structure
To achieve comparable effects, oral doses must be 30-50 times higher, creating cost and side effect challenges
Eric Topol of Scripps Research Translational Institute was more direct: "These peptides have no data to support their safety and efficacy." The clinical proponents argue that the FDA's safety concerns immunogenicity risk, impurity risk, organ toxicity are theoretically valid but speculative in practice