the lactate dyscrasia theory) proposes that mitochondrial dysfunction partly contributes to an accumulation of lactate in the junction of motor neurons and muscle cells (the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)) leading to death of both the nerve and muscle cells, thereby requiring the remaining muscle cells to work harder-than-normal to generate the force necessary for motor control
Furthermore, the autophagy enhancer rapamycin inhibits the mTOR pathway, upregulates the expression of LC3- and Beclin-1, triggers autophagy, facilitates the aggregation of PMF, and improves the survival rate of oocytes (Sun et al., 2018)
The reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, increased lipid peroxidation, and impairment of cellular functions, disrupting the conditions necessary for cell survival
They are used widely for treating illness and improving health and wellness
Additionally, certain enzymes rely on thiol groups for their catalytic mechanisms, wherein the sulfhydryl moiety acts as a nucleophile or participates in substrate binding
