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and 5 was defined as normal functioning of tail motor control

Pernicious anemia typically requires lifelong B12 injection therapy

This includes people with: Pernicious anaemia (autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor-producing cells), typically requiring lifelong IM injections Crohn's disease or surgical resection affecting the terminal ileum Coeliac disease causing malabsorption (may improve with gluten-free diet) Chronic pancreatitis reducing enzyme availability needed for B12 release Vegans and strict vegetarians need reliable B12 sources through fortified foods or supplements, as plant-based diets contain negligible amounts of active B12

The pooled prevalence of PSE in this cohort was 0.133 (95% CI = 0.048, 0.247)

With proper guidance, B12 shots can be a safe, effective, and impactful step toward better energy, balance, and overall well-being.