As an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), rapamycin elicits autophagy and mitophagy induction
The extract of Pueraria thunbergiana (also belongs to Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi) enhances content of melanin in melan-A cells through cAMP/MITF-M signalling pathway, stimulates melanogenesis in PTU-washed zebrafish, and increases the hair melanin content significantly via topical treatment in MITF vit/vit mice [170]
Steinberg F, Gallon M, Winfield M, Thomas EC, Bell AJ, Heesom KJ, Tavare JM, Cullen PJ
B12 is an essential nutrient, and its deficiency is common, especially among individuals following restricted diets like vegetarianism or veganism, pregnant or breastfeeding women, older adults, those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery or have gastrointestinal disorders, and people with an autoimmune condition known as pernicious anaemia
The important difference is that intravenous vitamin C is fully utilized, not partially discarded by digestion when taken orally
