Potent antirheumatic activity of a new DNA vaccine targeted to B7-2/CD28 costimulatory signaling pathway in autoimmune arthritis
A small percentage (20%) is derived from the catabolism of various hepatic hemoproteins (myoglobin, cytochrome P450) as well as from the overproduction of heme from ineffective erythropoiesis in the bone marrow
Although iron chelators such as DFO can kill malaria parasites, their efficacy is limited and inferior to that of ARTs
In parallel, non-microbiome strategies, including next-generation prokinetics, IVIG, G-POEM, SNS, and emerging antifibrotic agents, are expected to contribute meaningfully when integrated into phenotype-guided treatment algorithms
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