Hyperglycemia in DKD significantly disrupts endothelial permeability, primarily mediated by enhanced oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and sorbitol production ( Under the conditions of DKD, renal dysfunction leads to an increase in the concentration of nitric oxide inhibitors, disrupting the integrity of the BBB, which in turn contributes to cerebral vascular endothelium injury and cognitive impairment ( Apart from its role in the high-glucose condition, NAA as a neurotransmitter which reflects neuronal damage, is significantly decreased in DKD patients, indicating heightened sensitivity of nerve cells to damage in the context of diabetic renal injury ( Sonoda M et al
An analysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 genes as modifiers of the cerebral response to ischemia
Within the cytoplasm, these NPs can exist in either dispersed or aggregated states
Independent, third-party testing Independent, third-party testing means subjecting a product to analysis by an entity that has no ties to the manufacturer
Similar to Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, red ginseng polysaccharide induced ferroptosis by reducing GPX4 expression
