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4.2 Efflux pumps ATP hydrolysing proteins embedded in the endothelial membranes also facilitate the transfer of molecules across the BBB using the energy generated from ATP breakdown

Therefore, oxidative change of this Met into methionine sulfoxide inactivates AAT as a serine protease inhibitor

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The digestive system contains enzymes called peptidases

Tetrathiomolybdate, another copper-depleting agent, is under investigation for various breast cancer risk categories: one phase II trial assesses its role in breast cancer with moderate-to-high recurrence risk (NCT00195091), while a phase I/II trial evaluates its effectiveness in reducing relapse risk in high-risk, TNBC (NCT06134375)