For example, macrophage-derived Exos induce endothelial ferroptosis and barrier disruption during cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury via thrombospondin-1-mediated binding to OTUD5 and promotion of GPX4 ubiquitination [221]
Mitochondrial autophagy in the sleeping brain
In healthy subjects, rTMS and tDCS can bidirectionally change the cerebellar cortex output for at least 30 min: 1 Hz rTMS, continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), or cathodal tDCS decreases CBI, while intermittent TBS (iTBS) and anodal tDCS strengthen it [205, 246]
Thus were the conclusions made in a 2015 paper published in Cell Metabolism , in which the authors noted that MOTS-c has physiological similarities to the first-line diabetes drug metformin with regard to managing glucose utilization, metabolism, and body weight.18 Reduced body fat Considering the effects that MOTS-c has on insulin response and glucose uptake two factors associated with weight gain the authors of the 2015 paper referenced above also examined the peptides potential for preventing obesity.19 Specifically, in a group of mice fed a high-fat diet, MOTS-c appeared to prevent obesity onset.18 Other studies have corroborated these results by finding that higher plasma MOTS-c levels are negatively correlated with obesity.20 Improved physical performance Recall that endogenous MOTS-c can be activated by exercise, allowing your skeletal muscles to use glucose for energy to meet their high energy demand
doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108186
