The research record is frequently overstated because studies of BPC-157, full-length thymosin beta-4 and the seven-residue TB-500 fragment are blended together as though they involved the same material
Zhang Q, Han L, Shi C, Jacamo R, Pan R, John MMC, Jeremy R, Kurtz S, Mu H, Ruvolo V, Ma H, Andreeff M , Mi Y, Tyner J, Leverson J, Letai A, Davis RE, Konopleva M
The chromophores mainly including trans-UCA(urocanic acid) in the stratum corneum and nucleotide bases in epidermal keratinocytes or immune cells (such as Langerhans cells) can absorb energy and induce the corresponding cellular damage pathway when exposed to UV light [109]
(2021) 12:e0047321
Reducing the levels of this signaling molecule with a drug reproduces some of these positive effects (Thevaranjan et al., 2017)