The organ that is most affected by B12 deficiency is the nervous system and brain
While the IOM had based B12 needs on the amount required to correct hematological parameters for people with pernicious anemia, the EFSA had almost 20 more years of research to draw on, and concluded that the most suitable approach was basing needs on biomarkers (serum B12, holotranscobalamin, MMA, and homocysteine)
In addition, as we age, our ability to absorb B12 from food declines, which puts the elderly at higher risk of deficiency
Lyophilization is a unique dehydration process, also known as cryodesiccation, where the peptides are frozen and then subjected to low pressure
The labeled ladder is 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 mg once weekly, with each escalation step held for at least four weeks