West CA, He C, Su M, Swanson SJ, Mentzer SJ
These results suggest that Wnt10b plays a role as an activator, whereas BMP6 plays a role as a -catenin signaling inhibitor [50]
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Figure 3 5 Vitamin D in specific kidney diseases: mechanisms and clinical implications 5.1 Acute kidney injury Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rapidly developing clinical syndrome with poor outcomes, which affects approximately 20% of hospitalized patients ( Epidemiological studies have shown that low serum 25(OH)D levels significantly increase the risk of AKI and dialysis demand ( Mechanistically, vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects via VDR-mediated suppression of TLR signaling, induction of Treg expansion, and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- and IL-6
In such cases, it is important to use methylcobalamin or hydroxocobalamin, which are the active forms of vitamin B12 and can bypass the metabolic steps required for cyanocobalamin conversion