In an experimental model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, topiramate markedly downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage activity, reduced the expression of TNF-, IL-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and promoted a phenotypic shift of macrophages from M1 to M2, thereby mitigating pro-inflammatory activity and enhancing tissue repair processes ( These studies collectively suggest that topiramate exerts significant neuroprotective effects across various pathological models through its potent anti-inflammatory properties
In the liver, glutathione binds with toxins to help move them out of the body
The formulation also contains 2000 IU of vitamin D3, 400 mg of Ester-C (patented vitamin C in neutral form), 15 mg of zinc, copper and selenium nutrients that contribute to the normal maintenance of the immune system
Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 7(1), 27-31
The Glutathione System: A New Drug Target in Neuroimmune Disorders