et al., 2023) the cAMP/PKA/p-CREB pathway was altered in the amygdala alongside neuronal apoptosis (Jiang et al., 2023), and cortical cytokinesincluding IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- were elevated (Wang J
& Kim, B
The key anti-oxidative transcription factor, nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2), plays a dominant role in defense machinery by reprogramming the iron, intermediate, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-related network and the antioxidant system to attenuate ferroptosis
Some clinicians use TA1 offlabel to support patients with autoimmune disease, citing its ability to modulate the immune system without broad suppression
Moreover, researchers have reported its favorable safety profile in a 15 year follow-up study [22]