It upregulates genes involved in collagen synthesis (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1), extracellular matrix remodeling (decorin, fibromodulin), and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) while simultaneously suppressing genes associated with inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha), fibrinogen production, and tissue destruction (several MMPs)
Preclinical studies demonstrate elevated intracellular NAD+ levels following NNMT inhibition, suggesting a role in metabolic energy regulation
This method is often used to treat or prevent vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to serious health problems if left untreated
By bypassing the digestive system, these shots ensure 100% absorption, making them a reliable option even for those with gut-related absorption challenges
Therefore, even though B12 may come in more concentrated dosages with oral administration, the IM shots still provide the best way to correct B12 deficiency