Could improve exercise tolerance and endurance rather than subjective alertness. In insulin-resistant states, MOTS-C improves glucose utilization, which can reduce post-prandial crashes and chronic low-energy states
As a vital body component, vitamin B12 plays a role in DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and neurological function
It promotes a balanced gut transit time, which aids in the optimal absorption of nutrients and prevents digestive issues such as constipation or diarrhea
Neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes all express it, and IGF-1 signaling has documented roles in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, myelination, and neuronal survival
Without MS, a sample could appear highly pure by HPLC but still be the wrong compound or contain structurally similar impurities