There are over 4,000 chemicals present in cigarette smoke that can harm the unborn baby and also reduce the oxygen supply
Increases Blood Clots Nicotine and carbon monoxide reduce oxygen levels, making blood thicker and more prone to clotting
According to NIDA, it is difficult to determine whether e-cigarettes are safer than conventional cigarettes because there is insufficient information available about these products
Recently, a dual process theory of addiction has been proposed, whereby addictive behaviour is the result of the predominance of implicit, automatic and mainly non-conscious cognitive processes over explicit, controlled and mainly conscious processes (Heather Reference Heather, Segal, Heather and Segal2016)
Tnnesen P, Paoletti P, Gustavsson G, et al