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Notably, exposure to nicotine-free e-vapor induces significant metabolic alterations and liver injury in dams and progeny, whereas nicotine-containing e-vapor promotes hepatic steatosis in adult offspring [135]

Royal College of Physicians of London (RCP)

Circulation 92 , 24322436 (1995)

Considering the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of salidroside on nicotine-induced neutrophil activation and their minimum toxicity at the low dose, salidroside could offer a potential therapeutic utility for long-term prevention and suppression of metastasis, particularly for cancer patients with past and current smoking history

Although both devices enable users to consume nicotine products, each type of device has a different design and delivery method