The WalletHub study didnt establish an association between the cost of smoking and the prevalence of smoking
The ROS is a single summary of the effect of smoking on the outcome, with higher positive ROSs corresponding to stronger and more consistent evidence and a higher average effect size of smoking and a negative ROS, suggesting that, based on the available evidence, there is no significant effect of smoking on the outcome after accounting for between-study heterogeneity
Like other types of NRT, nicotine patches skin irritation, which may involve itching and discoloration dizziness sleep problems or unusual dreams nausea headaches muscle aches and stiffness Some of these side effects, such as a rapid heartbeat, may indicate that a persons nicotine patch dose is too high
This is time that would likely be spent in relatively good health
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