It is a powerful antioxidant that helps to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and tissues
Trends Neurosci 33:121129 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Kato N, Nakanishi K, Nemoto K
BMC Bioinformatics 9(1):559
Conversely, excessive NADPH accumulation can induce reductive stress, leading to the upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby promoting ROS generation, as observed in osteoarthritis (96)
According to Cyprus studies done in skin cultures, glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and other extracellular matrix components like proteoglycans and chondroitin sulphate are synthesized and broken down by GHK